Effects of gradual weight loss vs rapid weight loss on body composition and resting metabolic rate: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ashtary Larky, Damoon and Bagheri, Reza and Abbasnezhad, Amir and M. Tinsley, Grant (2020) Effects of gradual weight loss vs rapid weight loss on body composition and resting metabolic rate: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Nutrition.

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Abstract

This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the effects of different rates of weight loss (WL), but equivalent total WL, on body composition and resting metabolic rate (RMR). Studies examining gradual vs. rapid WL on body composition and RMR in participants with overweight/obesity published up to October 2019 were identified through PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, SCOPUS, and Ovid databases. Meta-analysis was carried out using a fixed or random-effects model as appropriate. Although the magnitude of WL was similar (mean difference: 0.03 kg, 95% CI [-0.65, 0.71]), gradual WL promoted greater reductions in fat mass (FM) (-1 kg, 95% CI [-1.70, -0.29]) and body fat percentage (BFP) (-0.83%, 95% CI [-1.49, -0.17]). Gradual WL significantly preserved RMR compared with rapid WL (97.39 kcal, 95% CI [76.76, 118.01]). However, there was no significant difference in waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and fat-free mass (FFM) between gradual and rapid WL. The present systematic review and meta-analysis indicates beneficial effects of gradual WL, as compared to rapid WL, on FM, BFP, and RMR in individuals with overweight/obesity. However, FFM changes and anthropometric indices did not significantly differ following different rates of WL.

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