Navigating the neurological frontier: Macromolecular marvels in overcoming blood-brain barrier challenges for advanced drug delivery

Zeynalzadeh, Elham and Khodadadi, Ehsan and Khodadadi, Ehsaneh and Ahmadian, Zainab (2024) Navigating the neurological frontier: Macromolecular marvels in overcoming blood-brain barrier challenges for advanced drug delivery. Heliyon.

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Abstract

The blood-brain interface poses formidable obstacles in addressing neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's, Multiple Sclerosis, brain cancers, and cerebrovascular accidents. Serving as a safeguard against potential threats in the blood, this barrier hinders direct drug delivery to affected cells, necessitating specialized transport mechanisms. Within the realm of nanotechnology, the creation of nanoscale carriers, including macromolecules such as polymers, lipids, and metallic nanoparticles, is gaining prominence. These carriers, tailored in diverse forms and sizes and enriched with specific functional groups for enhanced penetration and targeting, are capturing growing interest. This revised abstract explores the macromolecular dimension in understanding how nanoparticles interact with the blood-brain barrier. It re-evaluates the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier, highlighting macromolecular nanocarriers utilized in drug delivery to the brain. The discussion delves into the intricate pathways through which drugs navigate the blood-brain barrier, emphasizing the distinctive attributes of macromolecular nanocarriers. Additionally, it explores recent innovations in nanotechnology and unconventional approaches to drug delivery. Ultimately, the paper addresses the intricacies and considerations in developing macromolecular-based nanomedicines for the brain, aiming to advance the creation and evolution of nanomedicines for neurological ailments.

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