Spotlight on therapeutic efficiency of green synthesis metals and their oxide nanoparticles in periodontitis

Kiarashi, Mohammad and Mahamed, Parham and Ghotbi, Nader and Tadayonfard, Azadeh and Nasiri, Kamyar and Kazemi, Parisa and Badkoobeh, Ashkan and Yasamineh, Saman and Joudaki, Ali (2024) Spotlight on therapeutic efficiency of green synthesis metals and their oxide nanoparticles in periodontitis. Journal of nanobiotechnology., 22.

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Abstract

Periodontitis, one of the most prevalent dental diseases, causes the loss of bone and gum tissue that hold teeth in place. Several bacteria, commonly present in clinically healthy oral cavities, may induce and perpetuate periodontitis when their concentration rises in the gingival sulcus. Antibacterial efect against various Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including pathogenic and drug-resistant ones, has been shown for several distinct transient metal and metal oxide NPs. Therefore, NPs may be used in biomedicine to treat periodontal problems and in nanotechnology to inhibit the development of microorganisms. Instead of using harmful chemicals or energyintensive machinery, biosynthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) has been suggested. To produce metal and metal oxide NPs, the ideal technique is“Green” synthesis because of its low toxicity and safety for human health and the environment. Gold NPs (AuNPs) appear to be less toxic to mammalian cells than other nanometals because their antibacterial activity is not dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS). AgNPs also possess chemical stability, catalytic activity, and superior electrical and thermal conductivity, to name a few of their other advantageous characteristics. It was observed that zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs and copper (Cu) NPs exhibited discernible inhibitory efects against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains, respectively. ZnO NPs demonstrated bactericidal activity against the microorganisms responsible for periodontitis. Medications containing magnetic NPs are highly efective against multidrug-resistant bacterial and fungal infections. The titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs are implicated in elevating salivary peroxidase activity in individuals diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. Furthermore, specifc metallic NPs have the potential to enhance the antimicrobial efcacy of periodontitis treatments when combined. Therefore, these NPs, as well as their oxide NPs, are only some of the metals and metal oxides that have been synthesized in environmentally friendly ways and shown to have therapeutic benefts against periodontitis. Keywords Green synthesize, Periodontitis, Metal oxide Nanoparticles, Metal nanoparticles, Antibacterial

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