Antibacterial effects and cellular mechanisms of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles coated by piroctone olamine against some cariogenic bacteria

Ghorbanizadeh, Sajad and Karami, Fatemeh and Delfani, Somayeh and Shakibaie, Mojtaba and Razlansari, Arshak and Rezaei, Faranak (2022) Antibacterial effects and cellular mechanisms of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles coated by piroctone olamine against some cariogenic bacteria. Annals of Medicine and Surgery.

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Abstract

Background The present study aims to study antibacterial effects and cellular mechanisms of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles loaded with piroctone olamine (Fe3O4@PO NPs) against some cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces viscosus). Methods Nanoparticles was synthesized by the coprecipitation method. Antibacterial effects of Fe3O4@PO NPs were performed by calculating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). We also evaluated the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein leakage to assess whether antibacterial effects may be dependent on these mechanisms. Results The results demonstrated that PO showed the lowest antibacterial effect compared to other drugs tested with MICs values of 53.33 and 64 μg/ml for S. mutans and A. viscosus, respectively. In contrast, the highest antibacterial effect was related to Fe3O4@PONPs with MICs values of 2.66 and 3.33 μg/ml for S. mutans and A. viscosus, respectively. Fe3O4@PONPs, Fe3O4MNP, and PO markedly increased (p < 0.001) ROS production and protein leakage of tested bacteria at ≥¼ MIC, ≥1/3 MIC, and ½ MIC, respectively. Conclusion The findings of the present survey revealed the promising antibacterial effects of Fe3O4@PONP against some cariogenic bacteria; whereas it triggered the ROS production and protein leakage as the possible antibacterial mode of action of anti-infective agents. However, additional surveys are necessary to elucidate the accurate mechanisms of these nanoparticles.

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