An Investigation on the Extraction of Phytochemicals and Antimicrobial Properties of Domestic Plants Found in Southern India

Supritha, P and Radha, K. V (2021) An Investigation on the Extraction of Phytochemicals and Antimicrobial Properties of Domestic Plants Found in Southern India. Herbal Medicines Journal, 6 (1).

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Abstract

Background and Aim: The uses of natural sources for treating various ailments have received global attraction in recent years. Flavonoids, phenolics, and alkaloid compounds present in plants satiate free radicals and scavenge oxygen. Extraction of these substances is carried out using solvents, and it varies with respect to the plant species individually. The present work was carried out to determine the best solvent for extraction. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed to identify the property and amount of the phytochemicals present in each plant. Materials and Methods: Plant samples were collected and extracted using maceration and the Soxhlet extraction method. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed using conventional methods. Antimicrobial and antibacterial studies were performed using zone of inhibition studies based on the agar gel diffusion method. Results: Of the plants samples taken for the study, the phenolic content was found to be the best one using Soxhlet methanolic leaf extracts of Acalypha indica (4.80mg/ml), methanolic crude extract of Lawsome inermis (4.7mg/ml), soxhlet water extract of Acalypha indica (4.35mg/ml), Soxhlet methanolic extract of Lawsome inermis (4.3mg/ml) and crude ethanolic extract of Lawsome inermis (4.0mg/ml). Crude and soxhlet ethanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponins, and steroids. Determination of vitamin C revealed that the crude methanolic extract of Murraya koenigii contains a higher level of vitamin C(3.7 mg/ml) content compared to the other plants and solvents used. Among the microorganism’s tested, gram-negative bacteria, Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter fecalis were found more sensitive to the plant extracts. Conclusion: The crude methanolic extract of Murraya koneigii has revealed the presence of all phytochemicals except tannins. The methanolic crude extract of Murraya koenigii was found to have a high level of Vitamin C. Plant extracts increase the antimicrobial property which was revealed in qualitative and quantitative analysis

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