Geographical distribution of falciparum malaria in the world and its relationship with the human development index (HDI): countries based on the WHO report in 2017

Goodarzi, Elham and Beiranvand, Reza and Darvishi, Isan and Naghibzadeh-Tahami, Ahmad (2020) Geographical distribution of falciparum malaria in the world and its relationship with the human development index (HDI): countries based on the WHO report in 2017. Journal of Public Health: From Theory to Practice.

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Abstract

Aim Malaria is one of the most serious public health issues worldwide and is still responsible for the deaths of nearly half a million individuals every year worldwide. The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemiology of the incidence of and mortality from malaria and its association with the human development index (HDI). Subjects and methods The present research is an ecological study conducted in 2017 that explored the association between the HDIandincidenceofandmortalityfrommalariainWHOregionsbasedondataextractedfromtheWorldBank.Inthisstudy,the two-variable correlation method was adopted to analyze the data extracted to investigate the correlation between malaria incidence and HDI. A significance level of P<0.05 was considered. The analyses were performed using Stata14 software. Results The highest incidenceof malaria intheworldwasreportedin2001(80.73per 1000people) andthelowest in2017 (59.12 per 1000). The results revealed a significant reverse correlation between malaria incidence (r=−0.640, P<0.0001) and the HDI indexin2017.TheanalysisofHDIdecompositeswithmalariaincidencein2017demonstratedareverseandsignificantcorrelation betweenmalariaincidenceandgrossnationalincomeper1000capita(r=−0.365,P<0.0001),meanyearsofschooling(r=−0.477, P<0.0001), life expectancy at birth (r=−0.694, P<0.0001) and expected years of schooling (r=−0.458, P<0.0001). Conclusion Given the reverse correlation between malaria incidence and HDI, a greater emphasis on factors associated with the diseaseinthesecountries,effectivepreventionandawarenessraisingaboutthemeansoftransmissioncanbeeffectiveincurbing the incidence of this disease.

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